Elbow Conditions PSP Protocol

  • Published: 11 December 2020
  • Version: V1
  • 10 min read

Purpose of the PSP and background

The purpose of this protocol is to clearly set out the aims, objectives and commitments of the Elbow Conditions Priority Setting Partnership (PSP) in line with James Lind Alliance (JLA) principles. The Protocol is a JLA requirement and will be published on the PSP’s page of the JLA website. The Steering Group will review the protocol regularly and any updated version will be sent to the JLA.

The JLA is a non-profit making initiative, established in 2004. It brings patients, carers and clinicians together in PSPs. These PSPs identify and prioritise the evidence uncertainties, or ‘unanswered questions’, that they agree are the most important for research in their topic area. Traditionally PSPs have focused on uncertainties about the effects of treatments, but some PSPs have chosen to broaden their scope beyond that. The aim of a PSP is to help ensure that those who fund health research are aware of what really matters to patients, carers and clinicians. The National Institute for Health and Care Research (NIHR – www.nihr.ac.uk) coordinates the infrastructure of the JLA to oversee the processes for PSPs, based at the NIHR Evaluation, Trials and Studies Coordinating Centre (NETSCC), University of Southampton.

Priorities for shoulder and hand & wrist surgery have been identified through respective JLA PSPs and proposed research for these joints is attracting interest from funding bodies. Elective elbow (non-trauma) surgery confers a significant burden on musculoskeletal resources. There is a need to focus the interest of the national funding bodies on research in elbow diseases. The Elbow Conditions PSP is funded by the British Elbow and Shoulder Society (BESS), British Orthopaedic Association (BOA) and Leicester Shoulder and Elbow Unit (LSEU) charity. This will work with patients, service users, carers and health care professionals to identify the unanswered questions about the treatment for common elbow conditions and agree by consensus a prioritised list of those unanswered questions for future research.

Aims, objectives and scope of the PSP

The aim of the Elbow Conditions PSP is to identify the unanswered questions about elective surgical and nonsurgical treatment for elbow conditions from patient, carer and clinical perspectives and then prioritise those that patients, carers and clinicians agree are the most important for research to address.

The objectives of the PSP are to:

  • work with patients, carers and clinicians to identify uncertainties about surgical and non-surgical treatment for common elbow conditions).
  • to agree by consensus a prioritised list of those uncertainties, for research
  • to publicise the results of the PSP and process
  • to take the results to research commissioning bodies to be considered for funding.

The Elbow Conditions PSP will consider questions related to common elbow conditions. We envisage that this PSP will broadly cover the following conditions affecting the elbow:

  • Osteoarthritis;
  • Inflammatory arthropathy;
  • Elbow stiffness;
  • Tendonitis (including tennis elbow, golfers elbow, bicipital and triceps tendonitis);
  • Chronic elbow instability;
  • Ulnar nerve pathology;
  • Biceps tendon rupture;
  • All elbow fractures or dislocations;
  • Congenital elbow conditions;
  • Diagnosis referral pathways;
  • The natural history of elbow conditions;
  • Long term outcomes.

The surgical and non-surgical management of these conditions will be an important aspect for consideration.

This is not a final list as future literature review may reveal additional topics to be included.

The PSP will exclude from its scope questions about:

  • Diagnostic techniques and investigations;
  • Prevention of elbow conditions.

The Steering Group is responsible for discussing what implications the scope of the PSP will have for the evidence-checking stage of the process. Resources and expertise will be put in place to do this evidence checking.

The Steering Group

The Steering Group membership includes patients and carers and clinicians, as individuals or representatives from a relevant group.

The Elbow Conditions PSP will be led and managed by a Steering Group involving the following:

Patient and carer representatives:

  • Michelle Wallis - Sheffield (Patient)
  • Peter Tippett - Leicester (Patient)
  • Brenden Gardiner - London (Patient)
  • Alison Hickey - London (Patient)
  • Paul Rodgers – Wrightington (Patient)
  • Radhakant Pandey- Leicester (Patient)
  • Margaret Hughes- Wrightington (Patient)
  • Ann Heaton-Wrightington (Patient)

Clinical representatives:

  • A/Prof Harvinder Pal Singh - Trauma and Orthopaedic Consultant, Universities Hospital of Leicester NHS Trust, University of Leicester, PSP Lead
  • Mr Chris Peach - Trauma and Orthopaedic Consultant, BESS Research Lead
  • Mr Addie Majed - Trauma and Orthopaedic Consultant, BESS Research Committee member
  • Prof Adam Watts - Trauma and Orthopaedic Consultant, Specialty Lead
  • Mr Joideep Phadnis - Trauma and Orthopaedic Consultant
  • Prof Amar Rangan- BESS President
  • Val Jones - Elbow Physiotherapy Lead
  • Marcus Bateman - Elbow Physiotherapy
  • Mr Steve Gwilym - Trauma and Orthopaedic Consultant, OTS Representative
  • Mr Parag Raval - Trauma and Orthopaedic Registrar, University Hospital of Leicester
  • Mr Han Hong Chong - Trauma and Orthopaedic Registrar, University Hospital of Leicester

Project Coordinator:

  • Elaine James - Research Office Team Leader, ATOMS, University of Leicester NHS Trust

Information Specialist:

  • Pip Divall, Clinical Librarian, University Hospitals of Leicester NHS Trust Libraries

James Lind Alliance Adviser and Chair of the Steering Group:

  • Dr Jonathan Gower, James Lind Alliance Adviser

The Steering Group will agree the resources, including time and expertise that they will be able to contribute to each stage of the process, with input and advice from the JLA.

Partners

Organisations and individuals will be invited to be involved with the PSP as partners- British Elbow and Shoulder Society (BESS), Leicester Shoulder and Elbow Unit (LSEU) and British Orthopaedic Association (BOA). Partners are organisations or groups who will commit to supporting the PSP, promoting the process and encouraging their represented groups or members to participate. Organisations which can reach and advocate for these groups will be invited to become involved in the PSP. Partners represent the following groups:

  • people who have had elbow osteoarthritis, inflammatory arthropathy, elbow stiffness, tendonitis (including tennis elbow, golfers elbow, bicipital and triceps tendonitis), chronic elbow instability, ulnar nerve pathology, biceps tendon rupture, acute elbow fractures or dislocations and congenital elbow conditions
  • carers of people who have had elbow osteoarthritis, inflammatory arthropathy, elbow stiffness, tendonitis (including tennis elbow, golfers elbow, bicipital and triceps tendonitis), chronic elbow instability, ulnar nerve pathology, biceps tendon rupture, acute elbow fractures or dislocations and congenital elbow conditions
  • health and social care professionals with experience of elbow osteoarthritis, inflammatory arthropathy, elbow stiffness, tendonitis (including tennis elbow, golfers elbow, bicipital and triceps tendonitis), chronic elbow instability, ulnar nerve pathology, biceps tendon rupture, acute elbow fractures or dislocations and congenital elbow conditions

Exclusion criteria

Some organisations may be judged by the JLA or the Steering Group to have conflicts of interest. These may be perceived to potentially cause unacceptable bias as a member of the Steering Group. As this is likely to affect the ultimate findings of the PSP, those organisations will not be invited to participate. It is possible, however, that interested parties may participate in a purely observational capacity when the Steering Group considers it may be helpful.

The methods the PSP will use

This section describes a schedule of proposed steps through which the PSP aims to meet its objectives. The process is iterative and dependent on the active participation and contribution of different groups. The methods used in any step will be agreed through consultation between the Steering Group members, guided by the PSP’s aims and objectives. More details of the method are in the Guidebook section of the JLA website at www.jla.nihr.ac.uk where examples of the work of other JLA PSPs can be seen.

Step 1: Identification and invitation of potential partners

Potential partner organisations will be identified through a process of peer knowledge and consultation, through the Steering Group members’ networks. Potential partners will be contacted and informed of the establishment and aims of the Elbow Conditions PSP.

Step 2: Awareness raising

PSPs will need to raise awareness of their proposed activity among their patient, carer and clinician communities, in order to secure support and participation. Depending on budget, this may be done by a face-to-face meeting, or there may be other ways in which the process can be launched, e.g. via social media. It may be carried out as part of steps 1 and/or 3. The Steering Group should advise on when to do this. Awareness raising has several key objectives:

  • to present the proposed plan for the PSP
  • to generate support for the process
  • to encourage participation in the process
  • to initiate discussion, answer questions and address concerns.

Step 3: Identifying evidence uncertainties

The Elbow Conditions PSP will carry out a consultation to gather uncertainties from patients, carers and clinicians. A period of 12 months will be given to complete this exercise (which may be revised by the Steering Group if required).

The Steering Group will use the following methods to reach the target groups:

  • Discussion with known patient cohorts in respective departments
  • Outpatient poster for inclusion
  • Paper/Online clinician surveys
  • Paper/Online patient and carer surveys
  • Patient group discussion meetings, face to face meetings

Existing sources of evidence uncertainties may also be searched.

Step 4: Refining questions and uncertainties

The consultation process will produce ‘raw’ questions and comments indicating patients’, carers’ and clinicians’ areas of uncertainty. These raw questions will be categorised and refined by A/Prof Harvinder Pal Singh, Mr Parag Raval, Mr Han Hong Chong and Pip Divall into summary questions which are clear, addressable by research, and understandable to all. Similar or duplicate questions will be combined where appropriate. Out-of-scope and ‘answered’ submissions will be compiled separately. The Steering Group will have oversight of this process to ensure that the raw data is being interpreted appropriately and that the summary questions are being worded in a way that is understandable to all audiences. The JLA Adviser will observe to ensure accountability and transparency.

This will result in a long list of in-scope summary questions. These are not research questions and to try and word them as such may make them too technical for a non-research audience. They will be framed as researchable questions that capture the themes and topics that people have suggested.

The summary questions will then be checked against evidence to determine whether they have already been answered by research. This will be done by Ms Pip Divall, Mr Parag Raval and Mr Han Hong Chong . The PSP will complete the JLA Question Verification Form, which clearly describes the process used to verify the uncertainty of the questions, before starting prioritisation. The Question Verification Form includes details of the types and sources of evidence used to check uncertainty. The Question Verification Form should be published on the JLA website as soon as it has been agreed to enable researchers and other stakeholders to understand how the PSP has decided that its questions are unanswered, and any limitations of this.

Questions that are not adequately addressed by previous research will be collated and recorded on a standard JLA template by A/Prof Harvinder Pal Singh, Mr Parag Raval, Mr Han Hong Chong. This will show the checking undertaken to make sure that the uncertainties have not already been answered. The data should be submitted to the JLA for publication on its website on completion of the priority setting exercise, taking into account any changes made at the final workshop, in order to ensure that PSP results are publicly available.

The Steering Group will also consider how it will deal with submitted questions that have been answered, and questions that are out of scope.

Step 5: Prioritisation – interim and final stages

The aim of the final stage of the priority setting process is to prioritise through consensus the identified uncertainties about Elbow Conditions. This will involve input from patients, carers and clinicians. The JLA encourages PSPs to involve as wide a range of people as possible, including those who did and did not contribute to the first consultation. There are usually two stages of prioritisation.

  1. Interim prioritisation is the stage where the long list of questions is reduced to a shorter list that can be taken to the final priority setting workshop. This is aimed at a wide audience and is done using similar methods to the first consultation. With the JLA’s guidance, the Steering Group will agree the method and consider how best to reach and engage patients, carers and clinicians in the process. The most highly ranked questions (around 25) will be taken to a final priority setting workshop. Where the interim prioritisation does not produce a clear ranking or cut off point, the Steering Group will decide which questions are taken forwards to the final prioritisation.
  1. The final priority setting stage is generally a one-day workshop facilitated by the JLA. With guidance from the JLA and input from the Steering Group, up to 30 patients, carers and clinicians will be recruited to participate in a day of discussion and ranking, to determine the top 10 questions for research. All participants will declare their interests. The Steering Group will advise on any adaptations needed to ensure that the process is inclusive and accessible.

Dissemination of results

The Steering Group will identify audiences with which it wants to engage when disseminating the results of the priority setting process, such as researchers, funders and the patient and clinical communities. They will need to determine how best to communicate the results and who will take responsibility for this. Previous PSPs’ outputs have included academic papers, lay reports, infographics, conference presentations and videos for social media.

It should be noted that the priorities are not worded as research questions. The Steering Group should discuss how they will work with researchers and funders to establish how to address the priorities and to work out what the research questions are that will address the issues that people have prioritised. The dissemination of the results of the PSP will be led by Mr Chris Peach and A/Prof Harvinder Pal Singh through the BOA and BESS.

The JLA encourages PSPs to report back about any activities that have come about because of the PSP, including funded research. Please send any details to jla@soton.ac.uk.

Agreement of the Steering Group

The Elbow Conditions PSP Steering Group agreed the content and direction of this Protocol on 13th January 2020.